Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition caused by the compression of the median nerve, typically within the carpal tunnel in the wrist, however there are two other places in the arm this compression can occur like the pronator teres muscle and bicipital aponeurosis. This compression can lead to sensory and motor deficits, affecting the hand and fingers. CTS affects a significant portion of the population, with occurrences ranging from 3% to 16%.

Factors that increase the risk of CTS include repetitive wrist movements, prolonged wrist flexion or extension, and extended use of smartphones or exposure to vibrations. Occupations involving repetitive manual tasks, such as assembly line work, are at higher risk for CTS compared to desk jobs.

Underlying health conditions such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, and vitamin deficiencies also contribute to CTS. Trauma, fluid retention during pregnancy, and certain anatomical factors are also known to cause CTS

More severe cases are often linked to factors like vitamin B12 deficiency and obesity. The syndrome is more common in the dominant hand and can sometimes affect both hands. Understanding the various risk factors and mechanisms behind CTS is crucial for both prevention and management.